Climate Requirements for Paddy
Rice is a tropical climate crop that can grow from sea level to an altitude of 3000 meters. Rice crop requires a hot and humid climate. It is best suited to regions which have high humidity, prolonged sunshine and an assured supply of water. The average temperature required throughout the life period of the crop ranges from 21 to 37º C. Maximum temp which the crop can tolerate 400C to 42 0C.
Growing Season for Paddy
The main rice growing season in the country is the 'Kharif'. It is known as winter rice as per the harvesting time. The sowing time of winter (kharif) rice is June-July and it is harvested in November-December. Winter rice is know as 'Aman' in West Bengal, 'Sali' in Assam, 'Sarrad' in Orissa, 'Agahani' in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 'Sarava' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Mundakan' in Kerala and 'Samba/Thaladi' in Tamil Nadu. About 84% of the country's rice crop is grown in this season and generally, medium to long duration varieties are grown in this season.
Summer rice is called as Rabi rice. It is known as 'Boro' in Assam and West Bengal, 'Dalua'in Orissa, 'Dalwa' in Andhra Pradesh, 'Punja' in Kerala and 'Navarai' in Tamil Nadu and 'Garma' in Bihar. The sowing time of summer rice is November to February and harvesting time is March to June. The area under summer rice is only 9% and early maturing varieties are mostly grown in this season.
Soil conditions for Rice cultivation.
Soils with good water retention capacity with high amount of clay and organic matter are ideal for rice cultivation. It grows well in soils having a pH range between 5.5 and 6.5.
Water requirements for rice cultivation
Rice needs a huge amount of water for cultivation. To produce a kilogram of rice the crop on an average needs about 1500 liters of water. Bund farming system is followed in case of rice cultivation wherein the fields are flooded continuously upto 7-10 days before harvesting.
Paddy cultivation process started at Melnarma farm near vanthavasi.
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